Organic solar cells, made from carbon-based materials, present unique advantages compared with other solar cell technologies. For example, they can be manufactured through low-cost printing technologies, and they can be made semi-transparent with selectable colors, which can be used architecturally in building integration. Their flexibility and low weight make them perfect for powering the sensors for the internet of things applications.
A key challenge facing the development of organic solar cells is that they usually have large energy losses. Now, 25 researchers from seven research institutes have drawn up rules for designing high-efficiency organic solar cells. The research is led by Feng Gao, associate professor at Linkoping University, Sweden.
“We have formulated some rational design rules to minimize energy losses in organic solar cells. Following these rules, we present a range of examples with low energy losses and high power conversion efficiencies,” says Feng Gao, associate professor at the Division of Biomolecular and Organic Electronics at Linkoping University.
The design rules, which challenge some previously held ideas, have been published in an article in the prestigious journal Nature Materials.
Using these design rules, organic solar cells promise to catch up with their competitors with respect to power conversion efficiency, which measures the fraction of the energy in the sun´s radiation that is converted to electricity. The theoretical limit for the fraction of the sun´s energy that can be obtained in solar cells is around 33 percent. Laboratory experiments with silicon-based solar cells have achieved 25 percent at best. Researchers have until now believed that the limit for organic solar cells is lower.
“But we now know that there is no difference—the theoretical limit is the same for solar cells manufactured from silicon, perovskites or polymers,” says Olle Inganas, professor of biomolecular and organic electronics, Linkoping University.
When photons from the sun are absorbed by the semiconducting polymer in a solar cell, electrons in the donor material are raised to an excited state, and holes are formed in the ground state to which the electrons remain attracted. In order to separate these bound electrons and holes, an acceptor material is added. However, this acceptor material usually results in extra energy losses, an issue that has bothered the organic solar cell community for over two decades.
Read more: How to build efficient organic solar cells
thumbnail courtesy of phys.org
